ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” – cheat sheet

ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™-ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ –-ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™-ื—ืœ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืื™ืฉื™-ื—ืœ ืขืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืข"ืค ื”ืฉืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืชื™ืช.ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™ ื“ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™. ืกื™ืžืŸ 51 ืœื“ื‘ื”"ืž ืงื•ื‘ืข ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ื: ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื, ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช,ย  ื›ืœื›ืœื” (ืž. ื™ืœื“ื™ื), ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื•ืชื™ืœื›ื• ืœื‘ื“"ืจ. ืกื™ืžืŸ 47 ืงื•ื‘ืข ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื—ืช ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื’ื ืœื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืืš ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™.(ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉืืจืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™-ื–ื™ืœื‘ืจื’-ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืกื“ืจื ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื›ืœ ื ืคืฉ, ื•ื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืขื ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื“ืช, ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช) ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ืžื—ืงื• ืžื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™:ืื™ืžื•ืฅ-ื—ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•', ื™ืจื•ืฉื”-ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•', ืงื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื”, ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื•ืช-ื–ื™ืงืชื• ื ื—ืœืฉื” ืขืงื‘ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช, ืื‘ื”ื•ืช, ืจื›ื•ืฉ-ื—ืœ ื—ื•ืง ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ, ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืœื• ื™ื“ื•ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”.

ย ย ย  ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ – ืก' 1 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ:

ื“ื™ืŸ – ืก' 2 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ:ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื“ื•ื ื• ืœืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”.

ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช – ืก' 1 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจย  ย 4 ืชื ืื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื:ื. "ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ" ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื,ืจื•ื•ืงื•ืช,ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื (ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™,ื›ื”ืŸ ืขื ื’ืจื•ืฉื” ื•ื›ื•'), ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืขื“ื™ื (ืืกื•ืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”), ืฉืœ"ื‘ (ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืช), ืžื•ืจื“/ืช, ื˜ืงืก ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ื˜ืœ. ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ:ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ืชื•ืงืฃ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื’ื˜, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื’ื˜. ย ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ:ื”ืคืจืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ- ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ืกื™ื“ื™ืก ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฉืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ – ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”. ื‘. "ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื" ื‘ืŸ ืœืื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืื• ืฉื ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ ื›ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืŸ ืขื“ื” ื“ืชื™ืช ืื—ืจืช. ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื). ื‘ืกืคืง ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™: ืื•ื” ื‘ืกืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืœืคืกื•ืง ืœืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืชื™ (ื’ื˜ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื) ืืœื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืกื˜ืื˜ื•ืก.ื’. "ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”"– ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืคืจืกื•ื ืืœื™ืช:ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”– ืข"ืค ื—ื•ืง ื”ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช: ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™-ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื›ืื–ืจื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื. ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”-ืข"ืค ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื‘ืก' 80 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื•ืช: "ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืžืจื›ื– ื—ื™ื™ื•". ื”ืžื•ื ื— "ืžืจื›ื– ื—ื™ื™ื•" ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื”– ื ืคืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืก' ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•. "- ื’ืจ/ืขื•ื‘ื“,ืžื ื”ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืง.ื“. ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืชื•ื’ืฉ ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ. ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื“ื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื“ืžื•"ื™ ืื• ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื— (ืกืขื™ืฃ 1 ื•- 2 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ – ืคืก"ื“ 2232/03). ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ืื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž, ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขืค"ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™ 'ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืง. ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœื ื™ืคืกื•ืง ืœื” ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืืฉื” ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœ ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ (ืกืขื™ืฃ 2(ื) ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ืคืกื•ืง ืœื” ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืžื›ื— ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื™ื (ืคืก"ื“ 2232/03, 8256/99). ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ื™ืจื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืžื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืืฉื” ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืœ "ืขื•ืœื” ืขื™ืžื• ื•ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืขื™ืžื•", ื•ืข"ื› ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื” ืจืง ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื•ืžืกืคืจื” ื‘ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื— ืกืขื™ืฃ 1(3) ื•- 3(ื) ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž.ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืกืขื™ืฃ 78 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื•ืช). ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ (ืกืขื™ืฃ 3(ื) ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช), ื•ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืจืง ื™ืจื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™. ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื•ื ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•. ื–ื™ื•ื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ืจื•ืš ืœืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื‘ื™ ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื” (ืกืขื™ืฃ 1 ื•- 3 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ). ื–ื™ื•ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ืคื™ืกื™ืช ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืจื ืชื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ (ืกืขื™ืฃ 78 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื•ืช), ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ืชื›ืœื•ืœ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื–ื• ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช (ืคืก"ื“ ืืžื™ืจ). ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืชื’ื™ืฉ ืงื•ื“ื ืืช ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ืื–ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ื”ืคื™ืกื™ืช ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ืžืขืฆื ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ. ื™ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ (ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ื ื”, ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ื›ื ื”). ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ: ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ื™ืฉืื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005 ื•ืข"ื› ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื—ื•ืง ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ. ื—ื•ืง ื–ื” ื—ืœ ื’ื ืื ื”ื ื ื™ืฉืื• ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื [ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ืขืช ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ (ืฉืžื’ืจ ื‘ืคืก"ื“ ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™ – ืงื ื•ื‘ืœืจ) ืฉื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื—ืœื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ืžื”- 1.1.74 ืขื“ ืœืคืงื™ืขืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืคืงื™ืขืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื—ื•ืง ื™ื—"ืž]. ื–ื™ื•ื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ืจื•ืš ืืช ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ, ื•ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืคืกื•ืง ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ (ืคืก"ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™). ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื–ื™ื•ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื ืžื ืข ืžืœืคืกื•ืง ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™, ื•ืžื™ืจื‘ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื” ืœื—ืœื•ืงื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื: ื–ื™ื•ื” ืชืชื‘ืข ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื“ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืคืฉ ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื ื›ืกื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื ื ื›ืกื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื (ืกืขื™ืฃ 5 ืœื—ื•ืง ื™ื—"ืž) ืฉื›ืŸ ืืœื” ื ืจื›ืฉื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื”ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืชืชื‘ืข ื–ื™ื•ื” ืืช ื—ืœืงื” ื‘ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืŸ (ืคืก"ื“ 4623/04). ื™ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” "ื›ืœืœ ื ื›ืกื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’" ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 5(ื’) ืœื—ื•ืง ืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืชื• ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื•ื” ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช. ื—ืœืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืœื–ืงื•ืฃ ืœื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ (ืคืก"ื“ 4623/04 ื”ื "ืœ). ื–ื™ื•ื” ืชืชื‘ืข ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืœืงื•ืคื•ืช ื’ืžืœ ื•ืคื ืกื™ื” (ืกืขื™ืฃ 5(ื’) ืœื—ื•ืง ื™ื—"ืž – ืคืก"ื“ ืœื™ื“ืื™), ื™ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื” ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฉื”ื ื’ืจื• ื™ื—ื“. ,,ืขืค"ื™ ืคืก"ื“ 2232/03 ื–ื™ื•ื” ืื™ื ื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™, ื•ืข"ื› ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืขื™ืœ. ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž ื™ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื’ื ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื–ื™ื•ื” ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืฉืชื• ื“ืจื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื™ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื“ ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืชื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืจืŸ (ื˜ื‘ื™ื‘). ,,,ืกืขื™ืฃ 5 ื—ื•ืง ื™ื—"ืž ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืจืง ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืคืงื™ืขืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ืื•ืœื ื–ื™ื•ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 5ื(1) ืœื—ื•ืง (ื—ืœืคื” ืฉื ื” ืžื™ื•ื ืฉื ืคืชื— ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื”: ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืชืจืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ [ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ], ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจื›ื•ืฉ, ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืคื™ืจื•ืง ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืคืก"ื“ ื”ืฆื”ืจืชื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื. ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื ื” (ืกืขื™ืฃ 5ื(ื)(2) ืœื—ื•ืง).

"ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ"- ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ืช– ื›ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”- ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ. ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืœื ืจืง ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ื“ืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืงืจื™, ื’ื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื”"ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™. ื•ืจื‘ืจ:ื”ื”ืœื›ื”-ื”ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืจืง ืขืœ ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ื”ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืฉืœ "ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ": ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข: ื”ืจืืœ ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืš ืฉื•ืœื— ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื“ืจืš ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื ืœืœื ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื™ืกื™ืช- ย ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืงื•ื ื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.ื”ื ืชื‘ืข: ื”ื›ืœืœ ืชื•ื‘ืข ื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ืจ ื ืชื‘ืข – ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื ืชื‘ืข ื ืžืฆื. ืงืจื™ื‘ – ืชื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช: ื”ืฉืืจืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ + ืื™ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื‘ื™ื’ืจ -ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืื–ืจื— ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช + ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช,ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืžืžืฉื™ื•ืช-ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื™ื,ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื,ื“ื™ืจื”). ื•ืจื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืช' ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื- ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื•ืœื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืช' ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉ"ื‘ ืื• ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืฉื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ืœืชื‘ื•ืข. **ืฉืœื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืชื ืื™ ืก' 1 ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื— ืก' 9 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ ื•ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื "ื– ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืชื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืง ืชื™ืงืŸ ืืชย  ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ื‘ืก' 4ื ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื“"ืจ (ื•ื–ื” ืจืง ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™ ื•ืขืœ ืช' ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื! ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื’ื•ื ื™ื/ื•ืช) ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ืก' 1, ืืคืฉืจ ืจืง: ืฉืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื "ื– ื”ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื”-ืžืงืœื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืขื ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข. *ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืงื•ื“ื ืืช ืก' 1 ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืจื•ืš ื•ืื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื ืœืš ืœืก' 4ื ืืš ื”ื•ืืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ.

ื‘ื’"ืฆ ืžืชืขืจื‘-ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช:ย  1. ืก' 15 (ื“)(4) ืœื—ื•ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉืคื™ื˜ื”:ื‘ื’"ืฆ ืžืชืขืจื‘ ืจืง ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื˜ืขื ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื˜ืขื ื” ืžืงื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื”"ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™.ย  2. ืก' 15 (ื’):ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืฆื“ืง (ืขื™ืœื” ืจื—ื‘ื”), ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•.* ืกื‘ื’ ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืชื ืื™ ืก' 1 ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ. * ืจื•ื’ื•ื–ื™ื ืกืงื™: ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.

ย ย  ื›ืจื™ื›ื” – ืก' 3 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ (ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื ื›ืจื›ืช) ืจืง ืื ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ืก' 1 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ ืžืชืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ืก' 3 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ.

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื›ื”-ื‘ื "ื– ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื›ืจื•ืš ืœืช' ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืœื ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื•ืืฃ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™. ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœ – ืœืžื ื•ืข ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ,ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื‘ื "ื–.

ื’ื•ืœื“ืžืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื ื•ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื™ืงื ื”ย  ื‘ื”ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืจืง ืื ื ื›ืชื‘ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ. ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื”-ืจื•ื–ืŸ ืฆื‘ื™-ื”ืขื™ืงืจ(ื”ืœื‘)ย  ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ื•ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืชื’ื™ื“ ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ.

*ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื: ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ (ืกืขื™ืฃ 4 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ) ื•ืœื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž (ืกืขื™ืฃ 18 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช, ืกืขื™ืฃ 1(3) ื•- 3(ื) ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž). ื˜ืœื™ ืชื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืœื›ืช ืคืœื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™ ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื” ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ (ืกืขื™ืฃ 2(ื)ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืžืŸ 51 ืœื“ื‘ื”"ืž). ื˜ืœื™ ืชื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช: 1. ืžื–ื•ืŸ. 2. ืžื“ื•ืจ. 3. ื‘ื™ื’ื•ื“. 4. ืจืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• โ€“ "ืขื•ืœื” ืขื™ืžื• ื•ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืขื™ืžื•". ,, 1. ืื™ื ื” ืขื™ืžื• ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ื•ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ืœื™ ืื™ื ื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช. ื˜ืœื™ ืชื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ืื•ืจืŸ ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืฉืžื” ื‘ื” (ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืงืœ ื›ื ื•ืฆื” โ€“ ืคืก"ื“ ืžื™ืœืจ). 2. ืžืขืฉื” ื›ื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื™. 3.ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ื•ื’ื“ืช ื‘ื•. ื˜ืœื™ ืชื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืื•ืจืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื’ื™ื“ืชื” ืขืค"ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” (ืคืจื™ื“ืžืŸ). ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื•ืจืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืžืžื ื” ืฉืชืฉื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื™ื“ื™ื™ื (ืคืกื”"ื“ ื˜ื‘ื™ื‘, ื’ืœ ื•ื›ื”ืŸ). 4. ื˜ืขื ืช ืงื™ื–ื•ื–- "ืฆืื™ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื™ืš ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื™ืš, ื˜ืœื™ ืขื‘ื“ื” ื•ืฉื›ืจื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื• ื•ืฉื›ืจื” ื™ื›ืกื” ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื”, ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื•ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืชื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืœืฆืืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ (ืคืœื•ืœื™). ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื™ื•ื›ื— ืฉืื•ืจืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ ืชื”ื™ื” ื˜ืœื™ ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืžื ื’ื“ ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื›ื™ืขื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ืคื•ืกืง ืžืชื•ืš ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฆื“ืง (ื˜ื‘ื™ื‘). ,,,ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืจืฉืื™ืช ืื™ืฉื” ืœื•ืžืจ "ืื™ื ื™ ื ื™ื–ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืื™ื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”". ื˜ืœื™ ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืฉืœื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืชื” ืœืื•ืจืŸ. ,,,,ื˜ืœื™ ืชื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืขืกืง ื”ื•ื ื ื›ืก ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืงื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืขื“ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ื•ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ (ื“ืขืช ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™ – ืงื ื•ื‘ืœืจ) ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื (ื‘ืกื™ืœื™ืืŸ – ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฃ). ืื•ืจืŸ ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืง ื™ื—"ืž ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ื ื™ืฉืื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 1985, ื•ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื™ื ื” ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืข"ื› ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืคืงืขื• ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืœื™ ืื™ื ื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ืชืžื•ืจื” ืžืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืขืกืง ื•ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืคืงืขื• ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื ืก ื”ืขืกืง ืขืค"ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื. ืื•ืจืŸ ื’ื ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ื ื›ืก ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืžื ื• ืžื”ืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื•ื›ื•ืฉืจื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื (ืคืก"ื“ 4623/04). ื˜ืœื™ ืชื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” "ื›ืœืœ ื ื›ืกื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’" ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 5 ืœื—ื•ืง ื™ื—"ืž, ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืช ื•ืื™ืœื• ืคืก"ื“ 4623/04 ื“ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืฉื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื• ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืื•ืจืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ.

1.ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื: ืืžื™ืจ-ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื”. ื•ื™ื ื˜ืจ- ืื•ืœื ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ- ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ืŸ.

ืจื•ืŸ-ืžื•ืชื ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืื—ื–ืงืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž.[ื“ื™ืŸ-ืก' 79 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช]. 2.ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื”:ืฉืจื’ืื™-ืื™ืฉื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ (ืก' 4). ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื—ืกื ืืช ืก' 4. ืื ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืชื‘ื™ืขืชื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืžื ื•ืข ืžืœื›ืจื•ืš.[ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™-ืก' 2 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช+ืก' 51 ืœื“ื‘ืž"ื‘].

*ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืจื•ืš ืœืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ: ื.ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืจื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ? 3.ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ืืžืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื”:ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ื—ื–ืจื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ.[ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™-ื”ืื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉื”]. ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“: ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืจื•ืš ืœืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ(ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืจืš ืก' 9) ื”ื“ื™ืŸ-ืก' 3 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื ื” ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™. 4.ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื-ืคืœื•ืจืกื”ื™ื™ื-ื‘ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื—ื–ืงื” ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ.ืืžื™ืจ-ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืื•ื˜ื•' ื’ื ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.[ื“ื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™-ืก' 79 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช].5.ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ– ื ื•ืคืจื‘ืจ-ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืจื•ืš ืžืคื•ืจืฉ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”-ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื’ื ืœืœื ื›ืจื™ื›ื”. ื“ื™ืจืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช -ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ. ื ื›ืกื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื-ื”ื•ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆ"ืข.[ื“ื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™-ืก' 13(ื‘) ืœื—ื•ืง ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ. ื‘ื‘ืœื™-ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ]. ื‘. ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืจื•ืš, ื”ืื ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืžืชืžืœื? ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืงื“ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช. ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœื™-ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืจืš (ืช' ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื):1. ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ื ื”:ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ืืžืช ืขืœื• ืขืœ ืฉืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื ืชืงื™ื ื™ื ื”ืจ. ืื“ื ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™"ื“ืจ ื•ื›ื•ืจืš ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื’ื ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื›ื ื”-ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช. 2. ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ: ื”ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช, ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช-ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืช' ื‘ืžื” ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื‘ื™"ื“ ื™ืขืกื•ืง. ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช-ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉืจื’ืื™. ื“ื•ื’' ื ื•ืกืคืช- ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื” ืžืžืจื™ื“ืชื” ืื• ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ. 3.ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ื›ื ื”: ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื—ืกื•ื ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™. ื“ื•ืชืŸ- ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืœืื™ืฉื” ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ื›ืœื•ื -ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืœื ื›ื ื”, ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื›ื ื” ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช . ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื›ื ื•ืช. ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืจืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื”ืช' ื›ื ื”!.

ืžื™ ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ื ื” ื•ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืื• ืœื ืคืœื“ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืžืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ 2 ื”ืขืจื›ืื•ืช – ืžื™ ืฉื“ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ืจื™ืข. ืื ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืžื—ื˜ืฃ ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืจื•ืฅ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช – ื‘ื˜ืขื ื—ืจื™ื’ ื•ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืขืจื›ืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืชื“ื•ืŸ. ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช ื ' ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื ื™ืžื•ืง ื™ื™ื ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื—ื˜ืฃ.

ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช "ื ืคื™ืœืช" ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ: ืื ื”ืช' ืื™ื ื” ื›ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื ื•ืคืœ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืช' ืฉืชื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื›ื•ืช, ืื ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืื™ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ-ื›ืจื›ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืื–ื™ ืžื•ื—ืงื™ื ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืจื™ื›ื”, ืื ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืื™ื ื” ื›ื ื” ืื–ื™ ืช' ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื“"ืจ ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ื›ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื ื•ืคืœื•ืช/ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช. ื™ืฉ 4 ืกื•ื’ื™ ืคืก"ื“ ืœื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื:

  1. 1. ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ: ื‘ื™ื”"ื“ ื”ืชืจืฉื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจืฉื, ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœื›ืœื ืื• ืืžืฆืขื™ ืงืฉื” ืื—ืจ (ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื’ื ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ื–ืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืกื›ืžื”-ื™ื—ื™ื ืื‘ืจื”ื).
  2. 2. ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื’ืจืฉ: ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืง, ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืืœื”, ืื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืื™ืŸ ื’ื˜.
  3. ืžื•"ืž ืœื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ: ื‘ื™ื”"ื“ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื’ืจืฉ ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื• ืžื•"ืž.
  4. ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”: ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื›ืจืš ื ื•ืคืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืชื”!.

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื“"ืจ:1.ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืกืง ื‘ื‘ื“"ืจ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ. 2.ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื™ื-ื‘ื“"ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื•ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคืง. 3.ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืคื•ืกืง ืข"ืค ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื“"ืจ ืคื•ืกืง ืข"ืค ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. 4.ื‘ื“"ืจ ืคื•ืกืง ืข"ืค ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืชื™,ืข"ื‘ ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื”(ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื‘ืœื™) 5.ืชื™ื ืชืŸ ื”ืขื“ืคื” ืœื”ื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื“ืชื™. 6.ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืชืขื“ื™ืฃ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืืช ื‘ื“"ืจ ืื ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืจื“ ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืจืฉื•ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉืงืคืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื. 6. ื”ืขื“ืจ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™"ื“ ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืข"ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืกืจ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื.

ย ย  ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื” – ืก' 4 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ-ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืก' 4 ืœืก' 1:ืื™ืŸ ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื. * ืก' 1 ืคืชื•ื— ืœืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’, ืก' 4 ืคืชื•ื— ืจืง ืœืื™ืฉื”. * ืก' 4 ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื— ืœืชื•ืฉื‘, ืœืขื•ืžืช ืก' 1 ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื–ืจื— ืื• ืชื•ืฉื‘, ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื‘ืขืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื’ื ืื ื”ื ืจืง ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื. * ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช.

ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ: ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™, ืžืฉื ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื:ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™- ืกื™ืžืŸ 51 ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื”. ืก' 2(ื) ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช – ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” (ืื™ืฉื™).

"ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช" – ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ื ื ื–ืงืงืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”. ืจืง ื’ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” – ืข"ืค ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื–ืืช ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืš ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” (ื‘ืขืœืช ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘). ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืก' 2(ื) ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืงื•ื‘ืข ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ("ืœื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื•") ? – ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœ: ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืกื•ืง ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื.

ืกืžื›ื•ืช: ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื”ืก' 4 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ ืžื•ืœ ืก' 1(3) ื• ืก' 3ื' ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž. ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ. ืก' 25 ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž ืงื•ื‘ืข ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ืช:ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืœื ื”ื—ืœ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž ืžื•ืกืžืš. ืกื™ื™ื’- ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื’ื‘ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ– ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืข"ืค ืก' 3 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ- ื‘ืŸ-ื™ืื™ืจ+ืืœื’ื ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื›ืจื•ืš ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ , ื“ื‘ืจ ืืฉ ื™ืงื ื” ืœื‘ื™ื”ื“"ืจ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช.

ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ืคื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช (ืคืก"ื“ ืืžื™ืจ), ื•ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž ืชืคืก ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื— ืกืขื™ืฃ 1(6)(ื’) ื•- 3(ื). ืชื‘ื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื ื™, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื›ืชื•, ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ. ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืขืค"ื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 78 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื•ืช. ,,ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื“ื ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืชื‘ื™ืขืชื• ื›ื“ื™ืŸ (ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ื ื”, ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ื›ื ื”) ื™ืชืคื•ืก ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื— ืกืขื™ืฃ 1 ื•-3 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ. ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืขืค"ื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 79 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื•ื”ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื•ืช. ื“ื ื” ืชื˜ืขืŸ ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืฆืžื” ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืกืžื›ื•ืช. ,,,ืื ื˜ืœื™ ืžืคืกื™ื“ื” ืžืงื“ื™ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื ื™, ื”ื™ื ืชื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืฉืชื‘ื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื ื™ ืื™ื ื” ื›ื ื”. ื”ืขืจื›ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืชื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื ื™ ืชืชืคื•ืก ืกืžื›ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืื—ืช ื”ืขืจื›ืื•ืช ืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื•ื”ืขืจื›ืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืชืกื‘ื•ืจ ืžื˜ืขื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ื—ืจื™ื’ ืฉื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื˜ืฃ (ืœืœื ื”ื ืžืงื”) ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื›ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” (ืคืก"ื“ ืคืœืžืŸ). ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืžื—ื˜ืฃ ื•ื ืชืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื ืชืงื ื™ืช, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื’"ืฅ ืžื›ื•ื— ืกืขื™ืฃ 15(ื)(ื“) ืœื—ื•ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉืคื™ื˜ื”. ,,,,ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ืข"ื› ืœื ืชืฉืชื ื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืื™ ืชื—ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™ ื•ืœื ื ืคืกืงื• ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™, ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืฉื” ืžืžืกืœื•ืœ ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ืžื›ื— ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื•ื‘ืœื™ื’ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื. (ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื – ื’ื ืื ืข"ืค ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช – ืชืงื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™).ืขืœ ืžื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืงื ื•ืœ (ื–ื™ืœื‘ืจื’) ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื•ื“ ื–ื™ืงื” โ€“ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ืžืฆืžืฆื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ.ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ย ืžืกื™ืจืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžืกืคืงืช (ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื). ืกื‘ื’ ืคืจื•ืงืฆ'ื” ืืžืจืช ืื’ื‘: ืชื ืื™ ืก' 1 ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื ืœืก' 4.ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืก' 3 ืœ- 4 ืžื—ื“, ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืœืื™ืฉื”. ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ื. ื–ื• ืกืชื™ืจื” ืฉืจื’ืื™-ืื™ืฉื” ืื™ื ื” ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืก' 4 "ืฉืœื ืื’ื‘ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ" ืœื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž ื•ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื”. ื”ื”ืœื›ื”-ืฉื™ืจ-ืื™ืŸ ืกืชื™ืจื”, ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื–ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื—ืฅ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ ืœืžืชืŸ ื’ื˜.ื›ื”ื ื-ืืฉื” ืฉืžืกืจื‘ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื˜ ื•ื‘ื™"ื“ ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื’ื˜ ื•ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืจื’ืข ื–ื” ืžืคืกื™ืง ืœืฉืœื ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช. ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื: ืœืื™ืฉื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”- ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืจื” (ืก' 4 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ ืื• ืก' 1 ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”).ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ ื ืฉืืœ: ื”ืื ื”ืฉืชื ื• ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช? ืื ืœื, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง (ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™"ื“). ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืื™ืคื” ื ืคืชื—? ืื ืคืกื”"ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื“ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ (0 โ‚ช) ืื™ืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื•ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ืช ืœืขืจื›ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” (ื’ื ื”ื‘ืขืœ)-ื’'ืืจื—. ืื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื”– ื•ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช, ืื• ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”-ืžื•ื–ืก.

ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช: ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”: (1) ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ "ืขื•ืœื” ืขื™ืžื• ื•ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ืช"(ืจืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื): "ืขื•ืœื” ืขื™ืžื•": ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืืฉืชื• ืจืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ื”ื” ืœื–ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฆืžื•. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”- ื‘ื™ืžื”"ืฉ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืช. ืื•ืœื ืื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉ ื–ื” ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ืย  ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ- ืœื ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื’ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื—ื“ื•ืœ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืช – ืชืงื•ื ืขื™ืœื” ืœื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ. "ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ืช": ืื™ืฉื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ื”. ืื•ืœื ืื ืื‘ื™ื” ืขืฉื™ืจ ืžื•ืคืœื’ ืœื ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืžื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืœื ืชื—ื™ื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื–ื”ื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื“– ื›ืืฉืจ ืืฉืžืช ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ, ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ื™ื—ื™ืœ ื›ืœืœ ื–ื”. ืคืœื•ืœื™ – ื‘ืขืœ ืืœื™ื ื•ืžื”ืžืจ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืืฉืชื• ื•ื—ื™ ื‘ืจืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื ืœืื™ืฉื” ืœืคื™ ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื "ืœ. (2) ืื™ื ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก ืžืจื›ื•ืฉื”: ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจ. ืจืง ืื ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”ื™ื ืชืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื’ื‘ืจ ืžืขืฉื™ื™ ื™ื“ื™ื”. (3) ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฆืจื›ื™ื”: ืžื˜ืจืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ื”ืชืขืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”. ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืชื˜ืขืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžื•ื›ื™ื.(4) ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช: ืžืืคืฉืจ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืชื™ืง ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจ. ื›ื’ื•ืŸ:ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ, ื—ื•ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ, ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืขืกืงื™ืช ื•ื›ื•'. ื”ื’ื ื”: (1) ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ: ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื•ืœื. ื‘ื“"ื› ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ื›ื”ื ื- ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื -ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื’ื˜ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื ืœืœื ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื ืคืœ ืคื’ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื ืœื ื›ืฉืจื™ื, ืกื“ืจ ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•). ืื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื ืขืงื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ื‘ืœื™ื’ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื, ื’ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืš ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ื ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื›ืจื™ื›ืช ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืœืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ – ื–ืืช ื˜ืขื•ืช ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืง ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืคืกืงื• ืœื” ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช. . (2) ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ:ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ-ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืื™ืฉื” ืงื•ื“ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืื ืœื ืชื ื”ื’ ืขืœ ืคื™ื•, ืชืื‘ื“ ื–ื›ื•ืชื” ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช. ื. "ืื™ื ื” ืขื™ืžื•" (ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื“ืช): ืข"ืž ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืื™ืฉ ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•. ื•ืœื – ืชืื‘ื“ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ืื™ื ื” ืขื™ืžื•, ืœื ืชื—ื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ (ื›ืžื• ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืฆื™ื“ื• ืขื–ื‘ ื•ื›ื“'). ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื”. ืžื™ืœืจ ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื ื˜ืœ "ืงืœ ื›ื ื•ืฆื”",ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืช.ื‘. ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื” ืื• ืžืขืฉื” ื›ื™ืขื•ืจ: ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื” ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืช ืขื ื’ื‘ืจ ื–ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืœื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืขืฉื” ื›ื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืขื“ ืœื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืขื ื’ื‘ืจ ื–ืจ. ืžืขืฉื” ื›ื™ืขื•ืจ ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื. ื˜ืขื ื” ืื™ื ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช-ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ – ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื”ืคืจื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื – ื™ื–ื”ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”. ื˜ื‘ื™ื‘:ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืคื•ืกืง ืœืื™ืฉื” ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืฉืœืœ ืžืžื ื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื›ื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉืชืง ืคืœื•ื’ืชื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืืœื ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื›ื™ืขื•ืจ. ื’ืœ + ื›ื”ืŸ :ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ืคืš ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื’ื ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื›ื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืขื ื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”. ืื™ืฉ ืฉืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืืฉืชื• ืฉืชื—ื›ื” ืœื•. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœื”ื“ื“ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื“ ืงื“ื•ืฉ. ื’.ืื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืจื“ืช:ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื—ื“ืœื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืขืœื” ื•ืžื•ืจื“ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืœื ื“ื•ืื’ืช ืœื’ื‘ืจ, ืœื ืžื‘ืฆืขืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื”.. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช: ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ืจื“ืช ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื”. ืœืื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืจื“ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื•- ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืื™ืฉื” ืขื•ื“ ื›ืกืฃ. ื˜ืขื ืช ื’ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืจื“ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื’ื“. ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ื›ืžื•ืจื“ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™, ืฉื ืžืฉืš 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื ืžืœืš ื‘ื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžืฉื›ื ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื” ืžืžืจื™ื“ืชื”.ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ื›ืื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืจื“ืช ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ. ย ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžื•ืจื“ืช:ืžื•ืจื“ืช "ืžืื™ืกื ืขืœื™": ืžื•ืจื“ืช ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื‘ืขืœ ืœื• ืžืจืฆื•ื ื™. ืžื•ืจื“ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ืœื: ืžื•ืจื“ืช ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆืขืจ ืื•ืชื• ืงืฆืช, – ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืื™ืชื”.ืฉืจื’ืื™ ื  ืฉืจื’ืื™-ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื—ืจื’ ืžืกืžื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืงื‘ืข ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืจื“ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™. ืื ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื‘ืข ืžื•ืจื“ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงื‘ืœ. ื“.ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื“ืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœื ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืื•ื›ืœืช ืœื ื›ืฉืจ, ืœื ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื›ื•'.ย  ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช. ื‘ืื ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ืชืชืงื‘ืœ- ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืชืื‘ื“ ืืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”. ื”.ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช: ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžืชืขืžืจืช ื‘ืื™ืฉ, ืžืงืœืœืช ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืœื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื•, ืžืชืœื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืฆื ื•ืข. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™. ืื ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ืชืชืงื‘ืœ- ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืชืื‘ื“ ืืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ืืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”. (3)ืคืก"ื“ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื‘ื™/ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ:ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื:

  1. ื”ื›ืจื–ืช ืžื•ืจื“ืช: ืื ื‘ื“"ืจ ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื” ื›ืžื•ืจื“ืช, ืื—ืจื™ 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื”. ืื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืื–ืจื—ื™- ื”ืื™ืฉ ื™ืคื ื” ืขื ืคืกื”"ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืœื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉื™ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช. 2. ืคืก"ื“ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘/ื›ื•ืคื” ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ:ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืคืก"ื“ ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืื• ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช. ืื ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื˜ ื›ื™ ืื– ื™ื™ืคืกืงื• ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“"ืจ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืื™ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื˜ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ. ื”ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ื˜ ืœืื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช "ืžืขื•ืงื‘ืช ืžื—ืžืชื•" ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื” (ืฉื›ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”) ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืœื” ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช. (4)ืงื™ื–ื•ื– ืžืขืฉื™ ื™ื“ื™ื”– ื”ื˜ืขื ื”: ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ืฉื” ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืืš ืœื ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช. ืื ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื™ืฆืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื ืชืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื• ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื” ื™ื“ื™ื” ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื” ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช. ืื ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืื™ืฉ ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืชืงื ืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื-"ืื™ื ื ื™ ื ื™ื–ื•ื ืช ื•ืื™ื ื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”". ืžื–ื•ืจื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ-ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ืฉื” ืœืฆืืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช-ืคื“ืŸ+ื‘ื™ืงืœ- ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ืขื” ืฉืชืฆื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืฆืืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.

ืคืœื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ืฉื” ืœืฆืืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ืจืง ืื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืชืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืขืฉื™ ื™ื“ื™ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ืขืฉื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ืฉื” ืœืฆืืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.

ย ืžื“ื•ืจ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ (ื—ืœืง ืžืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช) ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ื: 1.ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”: ืžื“ื•ืจ ื—ืœืง ืžืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™. 2.ื“ื™ื ื™ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ:ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช – ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื‘ืขืจื›ืื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜. ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืคื™ืจื•ืง ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ- ืœื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืฉืœื•ื.

ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช- ืœืคื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื”, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื›ืจืš.

ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™: 1.ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืขื•ืœื” ืขืžื• ื•ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ืช: ืžื” ืฉื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืจืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ื™ืจืฉื” ื’ื ืœืืฉืชื•. 2. ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ื ื•ื•ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื ื•ื•ื” ื”ืจืข.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ื™"ื“ืจ/ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ื™ืคืจืฉื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™: ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ(90) – ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’- ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืคื™ืจื•ืง ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืžื•ืกืžืš: ื) ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ืžื“ื•ืจ ื›ืฉืืœื” ืื’ื‘ื™ืช, ืœื ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ (ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืœื ื—ื•ืจื’ ืžืกืžื›ื•ืชื•!). ื‘) ืœืขื›ื‘ ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืขืจื›ืื” ืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื”. ืก' 40ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ(95) – ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ื“ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ืžื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืžืฉืžื•ืจืŸ.ื›ืœื™ืคื” ื ' ื›ืœื™ืคื” (93): ื‘ืจืง- 1. ืœืื™ืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ื›ืœืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื•ืจ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™.2. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืœืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ื ื•ื•ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื ื•ื•ื” ื”ืจืข.3. ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”, ืžื™ืงื•ืžื”, ืžืก' ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื•ื›ื•', ืืš ืœื ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช.4. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื (ืžืžื•ืŸ ืจื‘) ืขืฉื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืคืงื™ืขืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื,ืื• ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ- ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืฉื” ื“ื™ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื”. ืืงื ื™ืŸ ื ' ืืงื ื™ืŸ (94): ืžืงืจื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืœื™ืคื”- ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื˜ื™ืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืœืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช- ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ื ื•ื•ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื ื•ื•ื” ื”ืจืข. ืžื•ื’ืฉืช ืขืชื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื’"ืฆ ืžื›ื•ื— ืก' 15ื“ ืœื—ื•ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉืคื™ื˜ื”. ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื—ืจื’ ืžืกืžื›ื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ (ื›ืœื™ืคื” ื ' ื›ืœื™ืคื”). ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ืœื ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืžื“ื•ืจ-ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื”= ื—ืœืง ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™. ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืืช ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ. ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืจื›ื•ืฉ-ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื•ืฆื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™. ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™, ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ-ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ื•ื. ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœ: ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืœืื™ืฉื”, ื–ืืช ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืœื“ื™ื“ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžื•ื—ืœืฉืช ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ (ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”) ื•ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ื—ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืช ืžื™ืขื•ื˜: ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืคืขืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกืžื›ื•ืช. ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืกืžืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข. ืžืกืงื ื”: ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกื•ืชืจื•ืช.ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ-ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืื™ืฉื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ.

ย ย  ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ (ื’ืจื™ื“ื) – ืก' 4ื ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื "ืœ ื”ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืฉืื• ื›ื“ืžื•ื™ – ืœื ื’ื•ืจืข ืžืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืก' 1. ืื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืจืง ืœื”ืชื’ืจืฉ:ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืก' 4ื ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ. ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืฉืื• ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™, ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืื—ืช ืžื”ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืชื”ื™ื” ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื”ื–ื™ืงื•ืช:ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ื ืชื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.** ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื”"ื– ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ** ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช. ** ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื”"ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ** ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ืื–ืจื— ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ** ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ืื–ืจื—, ื•ื’ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”.

ย ย  ืก' 9 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ – ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืก' 51 ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืชื•.ย  ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™ ืข"ืค ืก' 9:ย ย  ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื’ืื™(ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ) ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื™"ื“ืจ ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’. ืื ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ ืื—ื“ ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ. ืื‘ื”ื•ืช ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืงื‘ืขื” ื›ื™ ืื‘ื”ื•ืช ืœื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื”. ืืœื ืจืง ื“ืจืš ืก' 3-ื›ืจื™ื›ื” (ืœืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ). ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืœื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืืœื ืจืง ื“ืจืš ืก' 3-ื›ืจื™ื›ื”. ืื ืื™ืฉื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืœื”, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื’ืจืฉ ืžื‘ืขืœื”, ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืกื™ืžื” ืืžื™ืจ-ื‘ื ื”"ื– ืกื™ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืชืชื‘ืข ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืชืคืกื™ื“ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื“ื™ืจื”. ืื™ืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช – ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื›ื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™. ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื‘: ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื (ื›ืœื›ืœื”), ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื”, ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื•ืช- ื—ื™ื ื•ืš: ื‘ื’"ืฆ ืื™ืชืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ.ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ ืื—ื“ ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ืก' 1 ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื,ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืก' 9 ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืกื›ืžื”. ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืขืœ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช. ืคืจื•ืค' ืฉืื•ื•ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื…"(ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืคืชืจ ื‘ืคืก"ื“ ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ) .

ื- ืฆืจื”:ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™ ืืฉืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™- ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื”.ย  ื‘- ืจื—ื‘ื”:ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™, ืœืžืฉืœ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื-ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื’ืจืฉ. ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืกืจื’ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ืจืง- ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื.

ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื”ืกืคืœ-ื“ื™ ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ืงื”. ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ:ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” – 15(ื“)(4) ืœื—ื•ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉืคื™ื˜ื”. ืื•ืœื, ืฉืชื™ืงื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™ (ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื•ืขื“) ืื™ื ื ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืกื›ืžื”.

ย ย  ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ืคืฉืจื”/ ืคื™ืฉื•ืจ/ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืคืฉืจื” ืชืง' 258 ื›ื– ืœืชืงืกื“"ื.ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข– ืชืง' 258 ื™ื˜ ืœืชืงืกื“"ื:ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืฉืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืœื™ืš. ื”ื˜ืขื:ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’. ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืกื›ืกื•ืš– ืชืงื ื” 258 ื› ืœืชืงืกื“"ื: ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืคืชืจื” ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืžืจื•ืฅ ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืื ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืกื›ืกื•ืš, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื™ืคื ื” ื™ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ,ื™ื›ืจื•ืš ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื™ืงื ื” ืกืžื›ื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ, ืชืงื ื” ื–ื• ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืชื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืชืงื ื” (ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืœื ื”ืกืœืžื”). ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื? ืชืงื ื” 258ื›(ื’) ืœืชืงืกื“"ื/ 258ื›ื(ื‘)ื“ืขื” ื:ืงื•ืจืงื™ืŸ: ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืคืžืŸ– ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืœืคื™ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื›ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช. ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื’"ืฆ. ื“ืขื” ื‘: ืฉืื•ื•ื”– ื‘ืก' 3 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืจื•ืš ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ื”ื—ื•ืง ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœ ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช-ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”.ื‘ื’"ืฆ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื ' ื‘ื™"ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ืชืงื ื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืข"ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ืฉืœื ื‘ืชื•ื ืœื‘ ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื“ืข ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช. ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉื’ืช ืจืื™ื•ืช ืก' 8 ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž + ืชืงื ื” 258 ื‘(ื’) ืœืชืงืกื“"ื: ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื. ืœืžืฉืœ: ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืื™ื ื” ืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืขื ื–ืืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื”ื“ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืขื“ื•ืช ื–ืืช. ืื•ืคื™ ืื™ื ืงื•ื•ื™ื–ื˜ื•ืจื™ (ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืžืชืขืจื‘) ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืœืฉื—ืง ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื. ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื 1.ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช- ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”:ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ- ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืกื›ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ, ืืœื ืข"ื™ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืื• ืข"ื™ ืžื’ืฉืจ. 2. ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืœื ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืก' ย 3(ื’) + ืชืงื ื” 258ื›ื• ืœืชืงืกื“"ื : ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืกื›ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืขืœ ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืคืชืจื• ื’ื ืœืœื ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ. ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืคืก"ื“. ืื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืคืก"ื“- ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื- ื™ืฉ ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื•. ืื ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืคืก"ื“- ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืคืกื”"ื“-ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœื”ื•ืฆืœ"ืค.

ืืคื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืงืฃ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืข ืก' 7 ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž:ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืจื’ื™ืœ- ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืขืจื›ืื” ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื”ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ืฆืœ"ืค. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”,ืจืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ- ืก' ื–ื” ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข.

ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืœืชื™ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช ืก' 68 ื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ื“ืœืชื™ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช – ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.

ย ย  ย ืกืžื›ื•ืชื• ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”ืก' 1, 3 ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž. ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”: 1.ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืก' 1 (1), (3) ืขื“ (5) ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™"ื“ืจ ื™ื“ื•ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”.2. ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ืก' ืงื˜ืŸ (6): ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืก' 1(6) ื•ืื™ืœืš- ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืฉืœ 10 ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”. 3. ืก' 1(2) – ืœืคื™ ืก' ื–ื” ื™ืคื ื• ืœื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”.ืฉืขื™ืœืชื” ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”.ื—ื‘ืก ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืช ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืข"ืค ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืกืขื“. ืขื™ืœืช ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”: ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืื• ืžืงื•ืจื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืชืจื ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขื™ืœืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื”ื• ื”ืกืขื“. ืงืจื™, ื‘ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืกืขื“ ืืœื ืœืคื™ย  ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืœื”. ื”ืฉ' ื‘ืจืง ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื: ื. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื-ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™. ื‘. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืกืคืจื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื‘ืจ-ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืจื‘- ืขืกืงื™. ื’. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืงืฉืจื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ืชื’ืœืข ืกื›ืกื•ืš-ืขืกืงื™. ื“.ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืคืŸ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™'-ืื™ืš ื”ื ืขืฆืžื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื ื™ื”ืœื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื™, ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœื›ืš ื›ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืื–ืจื—ื™.

ย  ย ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื”ืชื ืื™ื: ื. ื—ื™ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื:ื™ื—ืกื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ื™. ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ื ื• ืขืœ ืงืฉืจ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™, ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช.ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืื™ื ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื, ืืœื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื—ื™ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืจืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืช ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื—ืœืชื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช- ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื. ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืืžื•ืฆื™ื•ื ืืœื™– ื’ืžื™ืฉ ืข"ืค ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’, ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื, ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช, ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื. ื‘. ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ. ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืœืงืฉืจ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ืช,ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช,ืืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื•ืจืœื ื™ื—ื“. ื’. ืžื™ืžื“ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื•ื, – ืื™ืŸ ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื. ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื•ื—, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉื ื• ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœ 3 ืฉื ื™ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื. ืืžื™ืจ -ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืงื™ื•ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืช ื ืคื˜ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ. ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื•ื›ืจื• ื›ื™"ื‘- ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืจืฉืช ืื•ืชื•, ืœืžืขื˜ ื“ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื (ื›ืืžื•ืจ- ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœ 3 ืฉื ื™ื). ื“. ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ-ืฉืชื™ ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช:ืคืจื•ืค' ืฉืื•ื•ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ืขื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ืื™ื. ื‘ืจืง (ื”ื”ืœื›ื”) ื•ืจืกืื ื• ื ' ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืื•ืžื“ ื“ืขืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื-ืœื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.

ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ? ืคืกืœืจ- ื›ืŸ, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืืฉืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฉื•ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืœื ืžื ื”ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืคื•ืœื™ื. ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื›ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื™ืฉื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื›ืกื˜ืื˜ื•ืก (ื›ืžื• ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ื™) ืืœื ืจื˜ืจื•', ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืชืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ื.

ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ?ืคืกื•ืœื™ ื—ื™ืชื•ืŸ: ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื’ืจื•ืฉื”,ย  ืžืžื–ืจ ื•ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื’ื•ื™ ื•ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืกื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื” ื•ื‘ื•ืขืœื”,ื•ื›ื•'.ย  ืกืœื™ื“ื” ืžื”ืžืžืกื“ ื”ื“ืชื™.ื˜ืขื ื›ืœื›ืœื™. ืœืžืฉืœ:ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื ื” ืืœืžื ืช ืฆื”"ืœ, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืชืชื—ืชืŸ ืขื ืื“ื ืื—ืจ, ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื™ื•ืคืกืงื•.ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื”ื• ืื•ืฉืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื•. ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืคืจืง ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช.ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขืžื™ื 1-4 ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”-5 ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื›ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื“"ืจ ืฉื—ืจ ืœื™ืฉืคื™ืฅ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืืžืจื•ย  "ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื" ื›ื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืง ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื›ื•ืคื” ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืจืฆื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ื.ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.

ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ: ื. ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช:ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™,ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื•ื›ื•'- ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ื”ื•ื—ืœื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.ืคืกืœืจ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืื™ืฉื” ื›ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื” ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ื. ื‘. ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื” ืข"ืค ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืฉื” ื ืฉื•ืื” ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™ ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื” ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืคืงืขื• ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื”. ืข"ืค ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื”. ื™ื’ืจ -ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช- ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื’ื“ ืืช ืชืงื ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช:ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื: ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ืข"ืค- ืžื™ ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืชืกื›ื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ืขื ื’ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืื’ ืœื” ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช.ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื“: ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืข"ืค,ืืœื ืจืง ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘. ื•ืจืกืื ื• ื ' ื›ื”ืŸ ย ื‘ืืžืจืช ืื’ื‘- ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื“, ื’ื ืื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืœืื™ืฉื” ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืžื™ื™ื. ืชืงื•ืคืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช. ย ืคืกื™ืงื” ืกื•ืชืจืช:ื™ืงื•ื˜ืืœื™ ืœืื™ืฉื” ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื•ืจ (ื“ื™ืจืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื). ืžื“ื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื”. ืงืจื™, ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืžืืžืฅ ืืช ื’ื™ืฉืช ื•ืจืกืื ื• ื ' ื›ื”ืŸ.ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘. ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœื ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื“- ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืืช ืคืก"ื“ย  ื™ื’ืจ. ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช (99):ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืคืจื’ืื•ื™, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’, ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœื ื“ืŸ ื‘ืกื˜ืื˜ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื•ืžืขื ื™ืง ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ื™ื™ื. ืคืก"ื“ ื–ื” ื—ืœ ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืคืก"ื“ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™– ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™. ืœืžืฉืœ ื’ื ืื ืื™ืฉื” ืืกื•ืจื” ืœื‘ืขืœื” ื•ื‘ื•ืขืœื” ื•ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืคื•ืกืง ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช,ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ืžืจืช ื“ืช– ื˜ืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ ื›ื”ืœื›ื”. ืข"ืค ื“ืชื• ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื— ื“ื™ืŸ -ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ืžื›ื•ื— ื—ื•ื”"ื—.

ย ย  ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ- ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™ืก' 2 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ – ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™ ื™ื™ื“ื•ื ื• ืœืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”.

ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืฉื˜ืจ "ื”ืจื™ ืืช ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ ื–ื”"- ื’ื ืื ืœื "ืฉื•ื•ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื”" ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช. ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ื“ืงืœืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืงื•ื ืกื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื-ืœื ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ื“"ื› ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื”. ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืื” ื™ื—ืกื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืช-ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขื“ื™ื. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ืขื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ื‘ื™ืื”-ืืืขื‘"ื–. ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืจื‘. ืฆืจื™ืš 2 ืขื“ื™ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืจื•ื˜ื”.

ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื“ื™ื ืชื ืื™ื:ืจืง ื’ื‘ืจื™ื,ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 13.ืฉืื™ื ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืชืŸ ืื• ื”ื›ืœื” ื•ืื™ื ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื.ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื—ืœืœื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื”.ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื˜ืงืก (ื•ืœื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื• ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื•). ืื ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื•ืคืจื•=ืขื“ื™ื ืคืกื•ืœื™ื.

ื—ืฉืฉ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ: ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ื‘ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ื ืชืŸ ื’ื˜ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื– ื ืจืื” ื‘ื”ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืชืช ื’ื˜,ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช (ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื”). ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ืย  ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื•.

ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื•ืฆื•ืจื”- ืชืงืคื•ืชย  1.ื›ื•ืฉืจ: ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื 2.ืฆื•ืจื”: ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื˜ืงืก.

ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ: ื. ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืงื˜ื™ืŸ – ืœืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”:ื ืขืจ ืžื’ื™ืœ 13 ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ื ืขืจื” ืžื’ื™ืœ 12.5.ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื”ื’ื‘ืœื”-ืืกื•ืจ ืœืงื“ืฉ ืงื˜ื ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœ 16 ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื”ืจื™ื•ื ื”. ืก' 2 ืœื—ื•ืง ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ' ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื• 17. >ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ืœืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืืš ืžื ื’ื“ ืื™ื ื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ> ืก' 3 ืœื—ื•ืง ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉืชืงืคื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืื™ื ื ืชืงืคื™ื ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ-ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชืจืชื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืื™ืฉื™- ื•ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ (ื”ื”ืœื›ื”) ืื™ืŸ ื›ื–ื• ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชืจืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ. ืก' 5 -ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž ืจืฉืื™ ืœืชืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 17, ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:ืื ื”ื ืขืจื” ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืœื“. ืก' 2-ืื ืžืœืื• ืœื”ื 16 ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื. ื‘. ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช-ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘(ืื,ื‘ืช,ืื—ื•ืช,ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ) ืื— ืฉืงื™ื“ืฉ ืืช ืื—ื•ืชื•-ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืœื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ื•ื”ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื’ื˜, ื”ื ืžื•ื’ืจื™ื ื›ืคืกื•ืœื™ ื—ื™ืชื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช-ืžื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืืœื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืžืžื–ืจื™ื. ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืžื™ืชื”(ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžื›ืจืช), ื•ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ื’ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ืขืœื” ืืกื•ืจื” ืœื• ื•ืœื‘ื•ืขืœื” ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื˜ ืžื‘ืขืœื”-ื’ื˜ ื“ืื•ืจื™ืชื ื•ืžื‘ื•ืขืœื” ื’ื˜ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื’. ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื˜ืขื•ืช-ืžื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื(ื—ื•ืœื™ ื ืคืฉ, ืขืงืจื•ืช,ื›ื•ื— ื’ื‘ืจื) ื•ื ืชื’ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืืœื• ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื. ืขื™ื•ื ื™ืช-ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืคื•ืก ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื. ืžืขืฉื™ืช-ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื”ื ื˜ื™ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื’ื˜ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื-ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคืง. ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืืœื• ื™ืฉ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ื•ื”ื "ืกื‘ืจ ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœ"-ืื ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื–ื” ืœื ืขื™ืœื” ื›ื™ ื™ื“ืขืช. ื“.ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืืกื•ืจื™ื-ืื™ืกื•ืจื™/ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืื•ื•ื™ืŸ-ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจื™ื ืืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื›ืจืช ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ืœืื•ื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ื“ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื ื™ืขื•ืช-ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ืย  ื•ื‘ื™"ื“ ื›ื•ืคื” ืื•ืชื ืœื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื’ื˜-ื™ื›ืคื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืชืช/ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื. ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืื•ื•ื™ื- ื. ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืจื™ื•ืช: ืœืžืฉืœ, ืกื‘ืชื ื•ื ื›ื“, ืกื‘ื ื•ื ื›ื“ื”. ืฉื ื™ื•ืช- ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืชื•ืคืก ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื‘.ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ื’ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ืขืœื”:ืืกื•ืจื” ืœื‘ืขืœื” ื•ืœื‘ื•ืขืœื”. ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืชืงืคื™ื, ืืš ื›ืฉืชื™ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืชื’ืจืฉ ืžืžื ื•- ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืขื™ืœืช ืคื™ืจื•ืง. ื’.ื’ืจื•ืฉื” ืœื›ื”ืŸ, ื’ื™ื•ืจืช ืœื›ื”ืŸ. ื™ืœื“ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื’ืจื•ืฉื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืžื–ืจ ืืš ื ืงืจื ื—ืœืœ-ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืจ ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื, ืืš ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืžืคืกื™ืงื” ืืฆืœื•. ื“.ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืœืžืžื–ืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืš. (ืžืžื–ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืขื ื’ื™ื•ืจืช ืื• ืžืžื–ืจื”) 5.ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช-ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืœื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ,ืื ื”ืื™ืžื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ืœื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื”. ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช – ืื™ื ื ืชืงืคื™ื ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžื™ื—ืกื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ื”ืื.

ืคื’ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”- ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™-ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืคื’ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”-ื ืชืŸ ืฉื˜ืจ?,ื”ื™ื• ืขื“ื™ื? ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™? ื”ื˜ืงืก ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™.ย ย  ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื” ืชื•ืงืคื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืืœื•?ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืกืฃ?ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืžืงืœื”-ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื’ื˜ ืžืกืคืง ืื• ืžื—ื•ืžืจื ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืขื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืืœื” ืชื•ืคืกื™ื, ื–ื• ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™.ย  ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”-ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื˜ืขื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืœื ื’ื˜ ื—ื–ืงื”- ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืขื™ืœืชื• ื‘ืขื™ืœืช ื–ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืื”, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™. ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื ื‘ืงืฉ ื’ื˜ ืžืกืคืง ืื• ื’ื˜ ืžื—ื•ืžืจื. ื›ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ ืžื—ื•ืžืจื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืก' ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื: 1.ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื’ืžื™ื”-ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืชืช ื’ื˜ ืื—ืจืช ืื ืชื ืฉื ืชื•ืืฉื ื‘ื‘ื™ื’ืžื™ื” ืฉื–ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช. 2.ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช: ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื˜- ื”ืืฉื” ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ, ืื ืชื‘ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืžื–ืจื™ื. 3) ืขื’ื™ื ื•ืช: ืื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืช ื’ื˜ โ€“ ืžื•ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืืฉื” ืขื’ื•ื ื”. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื“ื™ื-ืื ืืŸ ืกืขื“ื™-ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืช.

ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™: ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ื— ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ: ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ืขืœื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื“ ืืš ืœื ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื”ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ื—. ื‘ื’"ืฆ ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช (03) -ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™. ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™-ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ื— -ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื›ืŸ, ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™ – ื ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ื—-ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืื“ื ืžืชื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:ื“ืžื•"ื™-ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืกืฃ, ืขื“ื™ื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืื ืœื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืื” (ื•ื™ืฉ 2 ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ื•ืžืงืœื”) ื•ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืก"ื“: ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ื—! ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืกืžืš ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื™"ื“ ืฉืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ื— ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ืื ืจื•ืื” ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืื™ื—ื•ื™ ื‘ืคืก"ื“,ื‘ืคืก"ื“ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืกื›ืžื”.ื•ื‘ื™"ื“ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืœื ืชืงืคื™ื, ืœื ืžืคืจืง ื‘ื’ื˜, ืœื ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื”, ืœื ื‘ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืืœื ืชื•ื ืงืฉืจ.(ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™"ื“.) ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืง: ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™ ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ื’ื˜. ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ื— ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืกื”"ื“ – ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืžื•ืกืžืš ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื•ืช- ืœืคื™ ื“ืžื•"ื™(ื—ื•ืžืจื)-ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืžืžื•ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคืง. ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ื—-ื‘ื™"ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื’ื ืื™ืŸ, ื‘ืจืง ืื•ืžืจ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ื— ื•ืืชื” ืžื’ื™ืฉ ืช' ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•ืจืš ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื–ื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœืš ืœื ื›ื ื”! ื›ื™ ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช. (ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื-ื—ื•ื–ื™ื). ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœ: ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™: ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื˜-ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœืกืจื‘ ืœื’ื˜ ืขื“ ืฉืชืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”. ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืืฉืจ ืจืฉืื™ ืœืคืกื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื• ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ื™ื™ื: ื.ืื ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื—ืœืฉ ื”ื ื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจ- ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœืชืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ืจ. ื‘. ื”ื•ืžื•ืื™ื. ื’. ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื“. ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจ ืคืจื™ื“ื”- ืœืฉืœื ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื—ืœืฉ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืžื™ื™ื. ื—ืœ ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœ ืชื•ื ื”ืœื‘. ื—ืจื ื“ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื’ืจืฉื•ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ืื™ืฉื” ืขืœ ืืฉืชื•:ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื’ืžื™ื”.ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื™ืฉ ืœื’ืจืฉ ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื‘ื’ื˜ ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื”:ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”. ืžื˜ืจืชื•:ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ-ืœืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืข"ืž ืœื”ืชื’ืจืฉ ืื™ืฉื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืขื™ืœื”,ื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืœื. ื•ื›ืŸ, ื’ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ื’ื˜ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืช ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ืชืจ ืจืง ืœื’ื‘ืจ ืœืฉืืช ืื™ืฉื” ื ื•ืกืคืช. ย ื‘ื—ื "ืฉ ืก' 176 – ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื’ืžื™ื” ื”ื ื• 5 ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืืกืจ.ืก' 179-ืื ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื ืชืŸ ืœื’ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืฉื ื™ืช,ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื’ื˜ ื•ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืงื•ืคื” ืœืžืชื™ ืฉืชืกื›ื™ื ืœื’ื˜-ืœื ื‘ื™ื’ืžื™ื”. ืก' 178-ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืขืจื›ื• ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื- ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™/ืื–ืจื—ื™ – ื‘ื™ื’ืžื™ื” ืืกื•ืจื”.

ย ย  ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื(ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™) โ€“ ื—ืจื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืฆื•ืจื”)-ื”ืžื’ืžื”:ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืžืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืœื˜ืงืก ืคื•ืžื‘ื™- ืœืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืคื”, ืขืฉืจื” ืขื“ื™ื, ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืœืจื‘ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ- ืขื“ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืžื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช-ื”ืจื‘ ืœื ืจืฉืื™ ืœืงื“ืฉ – ื•ืœื, ื™ื’ืจืฉ ื•ื™ืฉืœื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื“ ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ .ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื•ื ืกืจื‘ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช: ืงืจืŸ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืจืง ืจื‘ ืžื•ืกืžืš ืข"ืค ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ "ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ื”ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ย ื™ืจืื• ืื•ืชื• ื›"ืจืฉื•ืช ืจื•ืฉืžืช" ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื:1.ื™ื“ืข ื‘ื”ืœื›ื”. 2.ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื.ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ ืžืชืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืื ืจื›ื™ื”.

ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื: ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ: ื”ืžื’ืžื”:ืœื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื•ืœื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื. ืจื•ื’ื•ื–ื™ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ื” ืžื”ื™ ืชืคื™ืกืชื ื•ืืžื•ื ืชื, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ. ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™ ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ: (ืก'1 ืœืฉื‘ื“"ืจ). ืฆื•ื ืŸ ื ' ืฉื˜ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื,ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืฉืจื™ ื—ื™ืชื•ืŸ-ืœืœื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช (ืžื—ื•ื–ื™), ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™(ื‘ื—ืจื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื) ื•ื’ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ืคืง' ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ืคืกื•ืœ.ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ- ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื: ื”ืžื’ืžื”:ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื‘"ื–. ื‘ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื 3 ื”ืชื ืื™ื:ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืžื ื•ืข ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื,ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื“"ืจ,ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“(ืœื ื›ืžื• ื . ืขืจื™ื•ืช) ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ืกืœื™ืง: ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื’ืจื•ืฉื”-ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืฉื˜ืจ ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื ืžืชืงื™ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืกืฃ (ื˜ื‘ืขืช+ืขื“ื™ื+"ื”ืจื™ื™ ืืช.."). ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื›ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™, ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช.

ื”ืื ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ื™ื•ืจื” ืœืจื•ืฉืžื ื‘ืžืจืฉื ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื›ื ืฉื•ืื™ื? ื’ื•ืจืคื™ื ืงืœ: ื–ื™ืœื‘ืจื’ (ืจื•ื‘)-ืก' 2 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ:ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืชืงืคื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืจืฆื•ื™ ื•ืืฃ ืคืกื•ืœ (ืขื•ืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง) ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ืกืขื“.ืœื ื“ื•ื™: ื”ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ืชืงืคื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื.ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ื’"ืฆ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ื ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืชืฆื”ื™ืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื- ืฉื•ืœืœ ืžื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ืกื“ืจ ืžื ื”ืœืชื™. ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืคื™ื ืงืœ ืœื›ื”ืŸื‘ื•ืกืœื™ืง?ื‘ื’ืจื•ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื•ื ืžื ืขื• ืžื›ืš ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื›ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื ืจืง ืชืฆื”ื™ืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ืื ื”ื™ื• ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื, ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื”ื. ืจื•ื“ื ื™ืฆืงื™ ื‘ื’"ืฆ, ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ, ืžืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ, ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื›ื™ ื”ื ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืœืจืฉื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ืื™ื. ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืคืกื•ืœื™ ื—ื™ืชื•ืŸ, ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื (ืคื ื• ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ).

ื”ืื ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ื™ืืฉืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืืœื• ื”ืกื›ื ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ? ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจืง: ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช: ื”ืื ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื’ืจื•ืฉื” "ื›ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’"-ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ืื• ืœื? ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื’ื˜ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ืื™ื. ืžื•ืจื” ืœื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ืช: ืžื”ื• ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืจืื™ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ? ืคืก"ื“ ืžื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืžื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ื’ื˜ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื-ื›ืจืื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืงื” .

ืชื•ืงืคื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื: ื˜ืคืจ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ – ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืขื‘ืจื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.

ย ย  ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื-ื‘ืจืื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™:ื‘ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ื•ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™(ืก' 2 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ)ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื.ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื— (ืคืจื’ื•ื•ืื™) ืื• ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช(ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ). ื™ื™ืจืฉืžื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื’ื ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื’ืจื•ืฉื”, ื”ื•ืžื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื›ื•'. ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื– ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ. ืื ืœื ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื– ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ. ื”ื“ื™ืŸ:ืก' 2 ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™- ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•"ื™ ื•ืื—"ื› ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ื— ืžื‘ื’"ืฆ ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื.

ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช:ื›ืฉื‘ื ื”"ื– ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื—ื•"ืœ ื‘ืขืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื”ื: ื”ืจื›ื‘ื”- ืกืงื•ืจื ื™ืง ืœื ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™ ืื• ืœื. ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื ื—ืชื›ืช ืข"ืค ื”ื—ื•ืง ืฉื—ืœ ืขืœ ืื“ื ืฉืขื” ืฉืจื›ืฉ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืžืขืžื“. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืื‘ื“ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ืขื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•. ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช: ื™ื™ื—ืชืš ืข"ืค ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื“ืชื™ ื”ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืคืจื“ื• ืชื•ืš ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ (ื”ืจื›ื‘ื”/ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ). ืงืจื™, ื ืคืกืงื™ื ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืฉื”. ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื ื™ ืœื•ืงื— ืžื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ ื•ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื• ื›ื ืฉื•ื™,ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืฉืื™ืชื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช: ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืข"ืค ืก' 17 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช- "ืขืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ื’". ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื ื™ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื”- ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉืœื ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื•. ืžื›ืืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืœื ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช (ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™). ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงื‘ืข ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™. ื›ืฉื‘ื ื”"ื– ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื”ื:ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืžืŸ(ื’' ืื ื’ืœื™ืช)ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืฉืจื™ ื—ื™ืชื•ืŸ, ืœื ื”ืชื—ืชื ื• ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™ ื ืกืขื• ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืืจืฅ. ื”ืชื•ืงืฃ ื™ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ื ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื˜ื›ืก. ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ืฆืจืคืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื- ืžืงื•ื ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื˜ืงืก ืชืงืฃ ื•ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืชืงืคื™ื.

ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช-ื”ืื ื ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืชืงืคื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ:

1.ืื ื’ืœื™ืช:(ื‘ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืžืŸ)ื”ื›ื•ืฉืจ-ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืฆื•ืจื”-ืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ื ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื˜ืงืก. 2.ืคืจื•ืค' ืฉืื•ื•ื” ื ื›ืจื™ืข ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ื’.ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื ื• ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช- ื”ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™– ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœื ื™ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื (ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืฆื•ืจื”).

3.ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื”ืžืงืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื•ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ื ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื˜ืงืก. ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืฉื ืฉื•ืื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช- ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ื™ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื”ื. (ื’ื ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื).

ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ืœืคืกื”"ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืง ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืขื™ืœ ืื™ื ืŸ ื ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืืช ืชืงืคื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืข"ืค ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ื—. ืœืคื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ื— ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืš ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืจื•ืš ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืœื ื›ื ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ื™ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืชื•ืืžืช ืœืชืคื™ืกืชื•.ื‘ื "ื– ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœืœ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš. ย ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช(99) ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช: ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ(ื›ืฉืจื™ ื—ื™ืชื•ืŸ) ื”ืชื—ืชื ื• ื‘ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ื ืจืฉืžื• ื›ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื.ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ืขื“ ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื‘ืจืง ืงื•ื‘ืข-ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื ื™ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื:1.ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืชื™: ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™. ืื ื›ืŸ-ื™ืฉ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืœืžืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืงื•ืจื ื™ืง ื•ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉื‘ืื• ืžื—ื•"ืœ, ื’ื ืฉื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื’ื ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื“ืชื™ (ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”). .ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ (ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™): ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื•ื“ืง ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืื• ืœื. ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื”ืื ืœืื™ืฉื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื— ื“ื™ื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ื™ื– ื”ืกื›ื ืžื›ืœืœื ืื• ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืชื•"ืœ (ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื’ื“ ืชืงื "ืฆ, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืชื—ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื) ย ย ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื (ืฆื•ื ืŸ ื ' ืฉืชืœ).

ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช: ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ืจ. ื”ื•ืžื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื.ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช. ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ- ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื "ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืกืฃ- ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ืื ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืชืžืกืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ย ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจื™ื“ื”- ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืžื™ื™ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืก"ื“ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื™ืฉืื• ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™ (ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื). ืžื•ืจื“ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™ ืžืื‘ื“ืช ืืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”. ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื“ืชื™ ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœ"ืขื‘ื•ืจ" ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช.

ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชื ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืœืœื- ื›ื™ื•ื ื—ืœ ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืชื•ื ื”ืœื‘ ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืฉืง"ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜. ืžื” ืฉืžืžืœื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื• ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืชื•ื ื”ืœื‘ ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืง ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.

ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืžืจืฉื ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ:ืคื•ื ืง ืฉืœื–ื™ื ื’ืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ื•ืžืฆืื” ืจืื™ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ย ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื™ืจืฉื•ื ืขืœ ืคื™ื”. ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืจื”"ืจ ืžืฉื ืช ืชืฉ"ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืช.ื–. ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ– ื ืœืš ืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื˜ื›ืก (ืกืงื•ืจื ื™ืง) ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืคืกื•ืœื ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืชื•ื‘ื ืจืื™ื”. ืก' 2 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ- ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืชื™, ืœื›ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ื›ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ ืืจื™- ื‘ืจืง ย ืžื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืœื›ืช ืคื•ื ืง ืฉืœื–ื™ื ื’ืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืžืื•ืชื• ืžื™ืŸ. ืœืžืจืฉื ืžืขืžื“ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืจืฉื•ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืชืขื•ื“ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ืจ ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ืŸ. ืคืจื•ืค' ืฉื™ืคืžืŸ: ืขืงื™ืคืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ื™ื™ืจืฉืžื• ืข"ืค ืชืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืคืก"ื“ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ย ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืจื›ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื›ืจื”.

ย ย  ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื‘ืจืื™ ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™:ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืจืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ-ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื’"ืฆ ืกืจื’ื•ื‘ื™- ืœื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžื•ืงื ื™ืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ื™ืคื ื” ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช. ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืก' 5 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืจืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ. ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื”ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ืš ืœืขื“ื” ื“ืชื™ืช ืื—ืจืช.

ืก' 4 ืœืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ืžืจื”-ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ/ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ/ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืืœื™ื• ื”ืฉืชื™ื›ื• ื‘ื ื™ื”"ื– ื‘ืขืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื”ื = ืื ื”ืžื™ืจื• ื“ืชื ืœืื—ืจ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื”ื, ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืื•ืชื” ื“ืช.

ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื: 1-ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™: ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื:ืœืคื™ ืก' 55 ืœื“ื”ืž"ื‘-ืคื ื™ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื” ืœืขืจื›ืื” ืฉืชื“ื•ืŸ. ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ืจ-ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื“ื” ื“ืชื™ืช "ืžื•ื›ืจืช". ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื‘:ืคื ื™ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืข"ืค ืก' 47 ืœื“ื”ืž"ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž – ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ืช ืื• ื”ืคื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื.

2-ื”ืชืจืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ-ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชืจืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ-ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž-ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ:

ืก' 5: ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ > ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ > ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืชืื–ืจื—ื•ืชื > ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื˜ืงืก. * ื‘ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืœ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ (ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ืœื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจืืœื™), ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื”ื‘ืื”. * ืื ืืฃ ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืช ื”ืชืจืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื™ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื™ืจืื” ืœื• ืฆื•ื“ืง ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.

ย ย  ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ:ื—ืœื” ืขืœ:ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื ื• ืœืคื ื™ 1974.ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.ื’ื ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื ื• ืื—ืจื™ 1974,ืœืคื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช. ืกื™ื“ื™ืก- ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืข"ืค ืก' 2 ื•- 7(ื‘) ืœื—ื•ืง ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื”ืœื›ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’. ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”:ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช: ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื—ืฆื™ ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื–ืืช ื’ื ืื ืจืง ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืฉื™ืœื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•/ืื• ื”ื ื›ืก ืจืฉื•ื ืจืง ืขืœ ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื. ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ืžืืžืฅ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ (ืœื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ืช): ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื, ืœื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—-ื’ื ืื ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื›ืœืœ. ื”ืกื›ื ืžื›ืœืœื- ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ื™ืช: ืื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื™ืฉ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ื™ื™ื-ืช"ืœ, ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'.ืขืจืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ: ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’: ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ (ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืชื ืื™ื), ื—ื“ ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ื•'. ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ืช-ื›ื™ื•ื,ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืžื›ืœืœื-ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”.ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืจ ืื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืคื™ื-ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื›ื™ื•ื-ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืคื™ืจื•ื“ ืื ื• ื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื ื›ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื. ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื›ื•ื‘ื“- ืžืืžืฅ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืงื•ืจืช ื’ื’ ืื—ืช.

ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”-ื”ื“ืจื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื–ืงื” ืจืื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ืื– ื”ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืœืฉืœื™ืœืชื”. ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืกืชื™ืจื”:1. ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ. 2. ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช (ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—).

ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžืชืŸ ืคืก"ื“ ืžื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. ย ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ.

ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื“ืจ:ืื™ืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ ืœืกืžื›ื•ืช ื ื›ืจื›ืช (ืก' 1 + 3 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ).ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ืช. ืื ืฉื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื“ืŸ – ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ (ื”ืœ"ื”).

ืื ื’'ืœ ื’ื‘ืื™- ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื ืชืŸ ืคืก"ื“ ืœืคืฉืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืขืœื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ-ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืคืกื”"ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœ, ื•ื”ืชืง ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ืงื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ.

ืขืœ ืืœื• ื ื›ืกื™ื ื—ืœื” ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ(ืื ื—ืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ – ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื”ื ื›ืก ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืื• ืขืกืงื™)

1.ื ื›ืก ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ. ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืžืืœื™ื•ืช. ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ ืฉื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ. 2. ื ื›ืก ืžืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ/ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื ื›ืก (ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™)ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜,ื™ืฉื ื• ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ืฉืœ ื“ืขื•ืช-ื‘ืจื™ืœ:ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื”ื—ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื•ื "ื”ืกื›ื ืžื›ืœืœื"-ื™ื˜ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื›ืกื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื. ืžื ื’ื“-ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœ"ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ืช" ืžืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช-ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืง ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ: ืืœื” ื™ื˜ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื›ืกื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื—ื™ื™ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ื›ืก ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ.

ื”ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื ื ื›ืก ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ: (ื”ื“ืจื™) 1ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ื ื›ืก: ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”.2ืžืฉืš ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ื˜ื™ื‘ื: ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ- ื”ื˜ืžืขื”-ื”ื—ืœืช ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ. ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™. 3ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืจื‘– ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ื—ืœืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ. 4.ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื:ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื-ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ. 5.ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืก ืชื—ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื. ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™,ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชืžื•ืจื” ืžืžื›ื™ืจืช ื ื›ืก ืคืจื˜ื™. ื ื›ืก ืขืกืงื™ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ-ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจื•ืช. ื›ื™ื•ื- ื ื›ืก ืขืกืงื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื ื›ืก ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™.ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืกืชืจืช ื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืžื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ-ื‘ืœื™ืกื™ืืŸ. ืื ื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื-ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื™ื”ื™ื”ย  ืจืง ืžื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ (ืžื•ื•ืช/ ืคืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื’ืœ /ืžืฉื‘ืจ) ื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื›ืก ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ. ื ื›ืก ืขืกืงื™ ื•ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืœื ื’ื•ืจืข ื‘ื”ื—ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ.ื ื›ืกื™ ืคืจื™ืฉื”-ืœื™ื“ืื™-ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื™ืคื“ื” ืืช ื›ืกืคื• ืžืงืจืŸ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื”-ืขืชื™ื“, ื’ืจื•ืฉืชื• ืชืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื—ืœืงื”- ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช (ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ).ืื•ืจื•ืŸ-ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืŸ. ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ืขืกืง (ืคื™ืจื•ืช) ื—ืกืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืงื•ืฉืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืจืฆื•ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื”. ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ/ ื”ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช ืž-07 ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื”"ื– ืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ – ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืคืกื•ืง ืกื›ื•ื ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™.

ย ย  ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ืื—ื•ืง ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ืœ ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืช 74' (ืื™ื ื• ื—ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“"ื‘).ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื•ื‘ืœื™ื’ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื“ื—ื•ื™:ื“ื—ื•ื™-ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ื ื›ืกื™ื• ื”ื•ื. ืื•ื‘ืœื™ื’ื˜ื•ืจื™-ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืฆืžื” ืืœื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ืขืœ ืžื™ ื—ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืก' 14: "ืก' 3 ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืฉื ื™ืฉืื• ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื—ื•ืง ื–ื”".ืก' 15: ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื—ื•ืง ืžื•ืฉื‘ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ืื•ืœื ืจืฉืื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืง ืžื•ืฉื‘ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื"=ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืฉืื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืช 74- ืกื™ื™ื’: ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ.

ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืก' 13 (ื‘) ื’ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื•ืง ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืฉื ื™ืฉืื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืช 74. ืื•ืœื, ืื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ.

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช/ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ืก' 5:ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืงื™ืขืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ:ืขื ืคืงื™ืขืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ -ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืื• ืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ-ื–ื•ื’ ื–ื›ืื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื”"ื– ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื ื›ืกื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’, ืœืžืขื˜– ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืขืจื‘ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืื• ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžืชื ื” ืื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ; ื’ืžืœื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™, ืื• ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืฉื ืคืกืงื• ืื• ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื™ืงื•ืง ื‘ืฉืœ ื ื–ืง ื’ื•ืฃ, ืื• ืžื•ื•ืช; ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ืื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.

ื‘ ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ-ื–ื•ื’ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื™ื–ื›ื• ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•.

ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืก' 6:ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื•ื ืืช ื ื›ืกื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’, ืคืจื˜ ืœื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืื–ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื (ืœืขื™ืœ);ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืžื ื•. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืื—ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืื—ื“ ืœืชืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ,ืื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืื ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื”-ื›ืกืฃ. ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื”ืกื›ืžื” – ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ืื• ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ,ื”ืคืกืงืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืื• ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฆื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’.

ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื—ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืก' 7 ืื ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸย  ืื“ื ืžื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื ื›ืกื™ื• ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืื• ืœืฆื“ ื’', ื ืจืื” ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ืืœื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ. ืก' 8 … ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ,ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืจืฉืื™ ืข"ืค ื‘ืงืฉืช ืื—ื“ ื‘ื ื”"ื– ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ืคืงื™ืขืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ – ืื ืœื ื ืคืกืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืกืง-ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืก' 8(2): ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืื—ืจ ื•ืœื ื—ืฆื™ ื‘ื—ืฆื™ – ื‘ืื ื”ื•ื›ื— ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ืคื•ืจืžืืœื™ืช ืชื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื—ืœืฉ. ืื ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ื’ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ืขืœื” ื•ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื ื“ื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ, ื”ื’ื‘ืจ "ื™ื™ืžืœื˜" ื• ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื.

ืชื—ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ -ืก' 3 ืื ื‘ื ื”"ื– ืขืฉื• ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ – ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืชืชื‘ืฆืข ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื. ืื ืœื ืขืฉื• ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ, ื ืจืื” ื‘ื”ื ื›ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืกื“ืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืง.

ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื =ย  ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืชื•ืจืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงย  – ืจืง ื‘ืคืงื™ืขืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืกื” ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”?ย  ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™ + ืงื ื•ื‘ืœืจ- ื ื“ื•ื ื• 2 ืฉืืœื•ืช:

  1. ื”ืื ื—ืœื” ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื‘ื "ื– ืฉื ื™ืฉืื• ืœืื—ืจ ืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง?

ื“ืขืช ืฉืžื’ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจื ืจ(ืžื™ืขื•ื˜) ื”ื—ืœื” ืกื™ืžื•ืœื˜ื ื™ืช-ืขืœ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื—ืœื™ื 2 ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื -ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืคืงื™ืขืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืคืงื™ืขืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื—ื•ืง ื™ื—"ืž(ื‘ืขื™ืชื™-ืžื” ื ืฉืืจ) ื“ืขืช ืฉื˜"ื›,ื˜ืœ,ืžืฆื-ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืœื ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื ื• ืื—ืจื™ 74, ื–ื” 2 ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืžื—ื•ืงืง ืœื ืจืฆื”, ื•ืฉื˜"ื› ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ (ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืชื ื”, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ,ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช) ืื•ืœื ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืœื ืชื—ื•ืœ.(ื‘ืงื ื•ื‘ืœืจ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืฉื˜"ื› (ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืชื ื”)+ืฉืžื’ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจื ืจ=ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืข"ืค ื”. ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ). ืื‘ื• ืจื•ืžื™-ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ืชื” ืžื›ื•ื— ื”. ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ื“ื—ื” ืœืื•ืจ ืก' 5(ื)(1)-ื ื›ืกื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืœ : ืฉื˜"ื› – ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืžืชื ื” ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื•ืชื ืช. ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืž-06-ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื™ืฉืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืก' 5 ืœื—ื•ืง ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื ื›ืก ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื—ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื›ืืŸ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ืขื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืืฃ ืขืœ ื ื›ืก ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ – ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ ื™ืคื•ืจืฉื• ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”. ื”ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ื ื›ืก ื•ื ื›ืก.

2.ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ืก' 5 ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืงื“ื ืžื•ืขื“ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ?

ื“ืขืช ืฉืžื’ืจ,ืžืฆื-(ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื”)-ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ืžื•ืขื“ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืคืงื™ืขืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ-ื›ืจืกื•ื ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ(ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกืžืš ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื), ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืœื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืคื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ืœื ื’ื˜ ื•ืœืžืžื–ืจื•ืช. ื“ืขื” ื‘'- ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ืชื—ื•ืœืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื. ื˜ืœ-ืงื ื•ื‘ืœืจ-ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื™ื ืชืŸ ืคืก"ื“ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ-ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ืžืื– ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ. ืฉื˜"ื›-ื‘ื”ืชืขืจืขืจื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ื‘ื "ื–-ืžืฉืขืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ(ื‘ืขื™ืชื™-ืžื”ื• ืžืฉื‘ืจ?) ื”ื”ืœื›ื”-ืจืง ื’ื˜ ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ ืžืชื™ ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.

ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ-ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื– ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ-ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืื™ ืžืชืŸ ื’ื˜ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืชืชื‘ืข ื‘ืขื•ื•ืœื” ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืช ืขื“ ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ื’ื˜. ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”-ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื’ื˜ ื›ืคื•ื™ ื ืขื“ืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื”,ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืชืŸ ื’ื˜ ื›ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ืขื“ืจ ืจืฆื•ืŸ.

ย ย  ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ=ื”ืกื›ื ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ

ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืง:ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ื“ื™ืกืคื•' ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื’ื•ื‘ืจ. ืข"ืค ื”ื”ืœื›ื”:ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื’ื˜ (ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื). ืžื•"ืž ืœื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืžืืœืฅ ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื˜. ื”ืกื“ืจ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ – ื”ื’ื˜ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ื™ืจ.

ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืขื™ืœื” ืœื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื˜ ื•ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ืจื˜ (ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืช) ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•. ื’ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ืจืฉ, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืงืฃ ืจืง ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ื–ื™ืช/ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืช.

ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืฃ ื™ื•ื ืœืžื—ืจืช ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืฉืช ืœื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ื•ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ืคืจื“ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืคื™' ืื ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืกื•ื›ืžื• ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื. ืจืง ืื ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ื“ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืคืจื“ ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ืคืจื“ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ-ืขืจื‘ื•ืช.

ืขืœ ืžื™ ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื—ื•ืง ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืกืขื™ืฃ 14 ืœื—ื•ืง ื™"ืž: "ืก' 3 ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืฉื ื™ (ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื) ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง". ืื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืคืจืง ื' (ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ืžื•ืกื›ื). ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืฉื ื™ืฉืื• ืœืคื ื™ 74-ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ. ืื—ืจื™ 74-ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ.ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ. ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข – ืžื•ืขื“ ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื.

ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืก' 1 – (ืœืžืขื˜ ื™ื“ืขื‘"ืฆ, ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื‘ืข"ืค).

ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืก'2 (ื),(ื‘)- ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž ืื• ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ. ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’. ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืกื™ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืžื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืข"ืค ื—ื•ืง ื•ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื›ืš ื•ืžืืฉืจื™ื ื–ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื™ืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื. 3 ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื. ย ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ.ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืืฉืจื™ื:ืก' 2(ื’): ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ, ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž, ืจื•ืฉื ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ (ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื™ื). ื‘. ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชืง' ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ. ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืืฉืจื™ื: ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืื• ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž. ื’. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื›ื ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ– ื”ืžืืฉืจื™ื: ื›ืžื• ื‘'. ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื“ืขื‘"ืฆ ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืื™ื ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืืฉืจ ื”ืกื›ื. ืื•ืœื, ืื ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื™ ืก' 3(ื’) ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžื•ืกืžืš ืœืืฉืจ ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืขื‘"ืฆ ื•ืืฃ ืœืชืช ืœื”ืกื›ื ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืคืก"ื“-ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื–ืง, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืžื•ืกืžืš ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื™ื“ืขื‘"ืฆ-ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช -ืก' 1 ืœื—ื•ืง ื–ื”. ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื›ื ืฉืœื ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืคื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืก' 1 ื›ืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืข"ืค ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืคื˜- ืœื ืžืขืฉื™. ย ืฉื™(ืฉืจืขื‘ื™) ื ' ืฉื™-ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ืงื‘ืข ืฉืื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ื”ืกื›ื ื›ื”ืกื›ื ืžืชื ื” (ื—ื•ื–ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ) ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืงืŸ ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ืกื›ื. ืคืจื•ืค' ืจื•ื–ืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœื™ ื•ืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ. ืื ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ (ื›ืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื)-ื™ืฉ ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื•. ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช(ื”ื”ืœื›ื”) ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ-ื”ืื ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืฆื•ืคื” ืคื ื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ืื• ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ?ืื ืกื™ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืขื ื”ื ื›ืก ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื•-ืื• ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืื– ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ- ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืื ืœื ืื•ืฉืจ ื›ื—ื•ืง. ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ:ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ-ืœื”ืกื›ื ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืื•ืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืงืฃ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืชืงืฃ ืžื›ื— ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืชื ื” (ืžืจื•ืงืŸ ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ืกื›ื). ื‘ื’"ืฆ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ืชื” ืชื•ืฆืื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ-ืืš ื ืชืŸ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ-ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืœื ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืชืงืฃ. ืื ื—ืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ื™ ืก' 5(ื)(3) ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘- ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื. ื”ืกื›ื ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ. ื™ื™ืฉื•ื: ย ื‘ื "ื– ืกื™ื›ืžื• ื•ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืœื ืื•ืฉืจ – ืื ืœื ืฆื•ืคื” ืคื ื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ืื• ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ =>ืœื ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ – ื•ื—ื•ืœื• ื“ื™ื ื™ ื—ื•ื”"ื— (ืฉืจืขื‘ื™).ย ย  ***ย  ื”ืกื›ื ืฆื•ืคื” ืคื ื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ืื• ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ => ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ – ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ. ืื•ืœื ื›ื—ืจื™ื’, ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืขืœ ื ื›ืก ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ย ื™ืชืคื•ืก ืข"ืค ืก' 5(ื)(3) ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื”"ื– ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื ื›ืก ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืœื ื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื—ืœื•ืงื” ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื›ืก ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืื• ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ (ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ).

ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ – ืชื•ื›ื ื• ื•ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืก' 2(ื‘) ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื•ืชื• ืœื (ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื–ืง ืœื—ืœืฉ). ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืกื›ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืคืก"ื“ ืืœื ืจืง ื’ื•ืจื ืฉื”ื”ืกื›ื ืชืงืฃ. ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ- ืื ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื’ื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืคืก"ื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคืก"ื“ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืฆืœ"ืค. ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ- ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ (ืื•ืชื• ื”ืœื™ืš). ืื ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื’ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืคืก"ื“, ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘. ื™ืฉ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืคืกื”"ื“ ื”ืงื•ื“ื.

ืคื’ืก ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืœืขื•ืฉืง ืื• ื›ืคื™ื” (ืก' 17/18 ื—ื•ื”"ื—) ืœื ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื”"ื– ืื™ืฉืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ืืฉืจ ื•ื™ื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช. ืื•ืœื, ื˜ืขื ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืชืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ืข"ืค ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืขื‘"ืฆ.

ืžื” ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื•ื ืง ื ' ืžื•ื ืง 1. ืœื ื™ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืœื™ ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ.2. ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื.

ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืกื›ื ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื™ื—"ืž, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื• ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž?

  1. ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื”-ืก' 2 (ื‘) ืžื•ืœ ืก' 3(ื’) ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž ื•ืชืงื ื” 258 ื›ื• ืœืชืงืกื“"ื. ื™ื“ืขื‘"ืฆ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืฉืจ ื”ืกื›ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื•ืง ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื’ืข ืจืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ืฉื•ืื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž, ืœืคื™ ืก' 3(ื’) ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž. ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื (ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื•ื™ื“ืขื‘"ืฆ)- ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื•ืžื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ืžื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ืžืืฉืจ. ืก' 3 (ื’) ื ื•ืชืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืคื˜ ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื›ืคืก"ื“. 2. ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ื™ ืœื™ื“"ืฆ: ื™ื“ืขื‘"ืฆ ื’ื ืื ืื™ืฉืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ, ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืขื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืž"ืฉ.3.ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืคืก"ื“-ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืื– ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื›ื ื—ื“ืฉ.

ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืก'8 ื•- 8(ื‘) ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ืกื›ื ืœืชืช ืžืชื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื™ืชื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืชืงืฃ, ืืœื ืื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืื” (ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœ:ืก' 27 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื™ื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื• ื•ืฆืจื›ื™ื•). < > ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืกื“ื™ืจ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืฉืื™ืฉื•ืจื• ืข"ื™ ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ืย  ื’ื ื ื•ื’ื“ ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœ ื–ื”. ืื—ื™ืจื- (ื”ืฉ' ืคืจื•ืงืฆ'ื”) ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืกืชื™ืจื” ื–ื• – ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ (ืก' 2 (ื“) ืœื—ื•ืง ื™ื—"ืž) ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืื”. ื›ืŸ, ื—ื•ืง ื™ื—"ืž ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื”. ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœ: ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช- ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื. ืงืจื™, ืื ื ืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืื”, ื ืจื•ืงืŸ ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ. ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœ ื–ื” ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืขื ืก' 104(ื)(4) ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืœืคื™ื• ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื–ื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืื“ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืืฉืชื• ืžื›ื•ื— ื—ื•ืง ื™"ืž ืื• ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื. ืก' 11(ื’) -ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืงืฉืจ ืื™ืฉื•ืช ืื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื™ื ื•ื›ื• ืžื—ืœืงื• ื‘ืขื™ื–ื‘ื•ืŸ. ืื•ืœื,ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื™"ืž ืื• ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื™ื–ื‘ื•ืŸ. ืก' 147 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื”: ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื’ืžืœ, ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื›ื•'- ื™ืฉื•ืœื ืœืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื•ืœื ืœืขื™ื–ื‘ื•ืŸ.

ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ/ืžืžื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ืื”ื›ืœืœ: ื”ืกื›ื ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื.ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœ:ืœืื”ืจ ื—ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืื’ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื•. ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืขื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ื•ืœื• ืžื‘ืœื™ ื“ืขืช ืื• ื‘ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช ืœื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื™ืœื“. ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืืฃ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืกื›ื ืื•ืฉืจ ืข"ื™ ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ. ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช (ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช). ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ื– ืขื™ืœืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื™ื ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืข ื•ื”ืื ื›ืืคื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืก ื•ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช. ย ื”ื—ืจื™ื’: ื’ืœื‘ืจ ื›ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืจื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื’ื•ืคื•, ืฉืœื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืข"ืž ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ/ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืจืžืืœื™– ื’ื ืื ื™ื—ืชืžื• ื›ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื”ืื ืื™ืฉืจื• ื›ื”ืกื›ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ – ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“. ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™"ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืก' 9 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ.

ย ย  ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ื – ืขืจื‘ื•ืชืฉื™ืคื•ื™-ื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ/ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื. ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืœื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“. ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ืžืจืชื™ืข ืืช ื”ืื. ืื ืชืชื‘ืข ืœืื—ืจ ืžืชืŸ ืคืก"ื“ ื”ืžืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื™ืœื“ – ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืฉืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื‘. ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“. ื”ืคืกื™ืงื”:ืื ื”ื—ื•ืชืžืช ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžื ื•ืกื— ื›ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื•ืืฃ ืื ืื•ืฉืจ ืข"ื™ ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ื™ื ืชืŸ ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื ืชืขืฉื™ืจ (ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืžืžืŸ) – ื”ืื‘ ื ืคื’ืข. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ืื‘ ื™ืขืฉื” ื”ืกื›ื ืขืจื‘ื•ืช.ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืง ื‘ืงื•ื˜: ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื™ื—ืก ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ: ืฆืœืขื• ื”ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘. ืฆืœืขื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืจื‘, ืฆืœืขื• ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืœืขื•ืช ืืœื” ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ.

ืฆืœืข ื. ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืœืฉืคื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ- ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ

ื”ืชื—ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื˜ืœื” (ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช)- ื•ื•ืื™ื”-ื. ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ืชืงืฃ, ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช-ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™. ื‘. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื”ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ื›"ื› ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืงื ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ (ืกื›ื•ื ืกื‘ื™ืจ). ื’. ืื ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ื‘ื˜ืœ, ื’ื ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘-ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช. ืžื™ ืฉื ืคื’ืข ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ื–ื” ื–ื” ื”ืื‘ื. ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื•ืฉื”ื™ืช (ืœื ื‘ื˜ืœื”) ื”ืœื›ืช ืงื•ื˜ ืื ืชื™ืคื’ืข ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ – ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืžื ืœื ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืœื ืžื•ืฉื”ื™ืช ืขื“ ืฉื”ืื™ืžื ืชืขืฉื™ืจ.ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžืฆื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืžื ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืžืฉื”.

ืฆืœืข ื‘. ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ (ืขืจื‘) ืœืฉืคื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ:ื”ืขืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืจืง-ื”ืœื›ืช ืขื“ ืฉืชืขืฉื™ืจ ืœื ืžืคืงื™ืขื” ืืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืขืจื‘ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื”ืขืจื‘ ื—ื‘ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช. ื”ืขืจื‘ ืžืฉืœื ืžืจื’ืข ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ื”ืžืคืกื™ื“-ื”ืขืจื‘. ืœื ื ืคื’ืขื™ื-ื”ืื ื•ื”ืื‘. ื”ื™ืœื“- ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—.ื”ืขืจื‘ ืœื ื—ื‘ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืžื™ืœื ืจ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื“"ื› ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ ืชืงืคื” ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืžืขื˜ ืžืงืจื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ืœื›ืช ืงื•ื˜ ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืจืง ื›ืฉืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ืืฆืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ ื•ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืขืจื‘ ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื•.

2 ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฆื“ ื’':ืขืจื‘ื•ืช: ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืคื•ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืชื™ืคื•ืœ ื’ื ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช. ืื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื ื™ืฉืœื, ืื ื™ ืืฉืœื.

ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ื™: ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉืœื™ ื’ื ืขื ื”ืื™ืžื ื•ื’ื ืขื ืฆื“ ื’', ืื ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžื—ืจ ื™ืชื‘ืข ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช, ืืชื”/ื”ืื™ืžื ืชืฉืœืžื• ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช. ืขื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ื”ืกื›ื ื ื•ื’ื“ ืืช ืชืงื ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื•-ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขืจื‘. ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ: ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช– ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืžื ื’ื“, ืื ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื“ ื’'ย  ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื›ืœืคื™ื• – ื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื” ื›ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ื™.

ืฆืœืข ื’. ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ (ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืื• ื ื“ื—ื™ืช)ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™. ืื•ืœื, ื‘ืจืง ื‘ืงื•ื˜: ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื ื“ื—ื” "ืขื“ ืฉืชืขืฉื™ืจ". ื”ืขืจื‘ ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•

ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ื”ืกื›ื ืœืœื ืชื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’"ืฆ ืกื™ืžื” ืœื•ื™ ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืื ืชืชื‘ืข-ืฉื™ืคื•ื™.ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืชื‘ืขื” ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž – ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืคื ื” ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื”. ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”: ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกืžื›ื•ืช, ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ.ื‘ื’"ืฆ ืกื™ืžื” ืืžื™ืจ ื”ืกื›ื ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ -ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื”-ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืœื™ื” ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื”. ืฉื™ืคื•ื™-ืื ืชืชื‘ืข ืชื•ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช. ืกื•ื›ื ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ย ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœืข"ืž ืคืกืง ืœื” ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืคื ื” ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ ื•ืžืืฉืจื™ื ืœื• ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื™. ื”ืื™ืฉื”: ืื™ืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ืช – ืคื ื™ื” ืœื‘ื’"ืฆ:ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืคืก"ื“?

1 .ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืช, ื”ืกื›ื ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœ-3 ืžืงืจื™ื :ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื.

ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื.ืขื™ืœืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” (ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื“).ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื•, ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ื–ื• ืขื™ืœื” ืจื›ื•ืฉื™ืช (ืœื ื ืžืฉื›ืช)ย  ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื‘ื™ื“"ืจ.

  1. 2. ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ. ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื”, ื™ืœื“ ืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืกื›ื (ืœืื”ืจ).ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื•, ืœื ื—ืœ. ืœื ื”ื™ืœื“ ืชื•ื‘ืข ืืœื ื”ื”ื•ืจื”.
  2. 3. ื—ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆื•ื“ืง ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืขืœ ื›ื ื• (ืžืงืจื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืชืžื• ื•ืื™ืฉืจื• ืืฆืœ ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืคืชื•ื— ืชื™ืง ืžื—ื“ืฉ). โ€“ืคืก"ื“ ืงื. ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื•,ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช, ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื•ืœื ืขื•ื ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื–ื•.
  3. 4. ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ-ืก' 1 ืœื—ืฉื‘ื“"ืจ: ืชื ื™ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ื™ื ืชื ื™ื” ืจื›ื•ืฉื™ืช, ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื•ืžืžื•ื ื™ืช (ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ืก ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ื ื›ื ืก-ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื™) ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ.
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ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ.